Path Document of CPI-ML

Path of People’s War in India – Our Tasks!

(Adopted by All-India Party Congress, 1992)

CHAPTER – I

Basic Aim:

The Programme of our Party has declared that India is a vast “semi-colonial and semi-feudal country”, with about 80 percent of our population residing in our villages. It is ruled by the big-bourgeois big landlord classes, subservient to imperialism. The contradiction between the alliance of imperialism, feudalism and comprador-bureaucrat- capitalism on the one hand and the broad masses of the people on the other is the principal contradiction in our country.
Only a successful People’s Democratic Revolution i.e. New Democratic Revolution and the establishment of People’s Democratic Dictatorship of the workers, peasants, the middle classes and national bourgeoisie under the leadership of the working class can lead to the liberation of our people from all exploitation and the dictatorship of the reactionary ruling classes and pave the way for building Socialism and Communism in our country, the ultimate aim of our Party.

People’s War based on Armed Agrarian Revolution is the only path for achieving people’s democracy i.e. new democracy, in our  country.

The CPI(ML), based on Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought, totally rejects the path of parliamentarism, peddled by the revisionists and neorevisionists of all hues and colours. Experience of all countries in the world has proved that the ruling classes, having complete grip over the economic, political and cultural levels of the people, will never allow the exploited and oppressed  people to come to power through peaceful means. They always use various kinds of fascist repression to suppress the just struggles of the people. They use bourgeois parliamentary democracy as a cover to deceive the people, disrupt and destroy the just struggles of the people through bloody repression. The people are invariably forced to defend themselves against bloody repression, overthrow the dictatorship of the reactionary classes through revolutionary violence. This is the law of world history.

CHAPTER – II

Rejection of Parliamentary Path and Individual Terrorism

The experience of the Indian people’s struggles for emancipation is no exception to this general law of world history. The Indian reactionary ruling classes have always used and are using fascist repression even under the guise of parliamentary democracy. They do not tolerate even the mildest opposition of the people to their anti-national and anti-people policies, particularly when their crisis is acute.

Resort to section 144, banning of public meetings, curfews, arrests, police camps, torture and killing of people, particularly the Communist Revolutionaries, tear gas, lathi charges, shootings, Disturbed Areas Act, detention without trial etc. have become the common methods of repression used by the ruling classes to suppress the just struggles of the people. Deception through false promises and bloody repression are two methods of ruling classes to suppress the rising tide of the people’s struggles. The Fundamental Rights trumpeted by the ruling classes are not really enjoyed by the broad masses of the people in actual life.

Utilization of participation in elections by the Communist Revolutionaries, as and when the situation demands, depending on the level of the people’s movement and the consciousness of the people, has nothing to do with the path of parliamentarism. Its aim should always be to dispel the illusions of the people on the parliamentary institutions and prepare them for Armed Struggle.

Rejection of Individual Terrorism:

The CPI(ML) totally rejects the so called path of individual annihilation of class enemies, which is nothing but individual terrorism. Our struggle is against the semi-colonial and semi-feudal system, and not against individual class enemies. The system of class exploitation can only be destroyed by the revolutionary struggle of the masses. Individual terrorism or the `annihilation of class enemies’, reduces the people to the status of spectators. It allows the revolutionary movement to become easy victim to the repression of the reactionary classes to easily destroy it. People and the people alone are the motive forces of history. Thus revisionism and individual terrorism both help the reactionary classes to easily destroy the revolutionary struggle of the people. Both are the enemies of Indian revolution.

Chapter-III

People’s War is Our Path:

The Communist Revolutionaries in India should deeply study the experience of the Great October Revolution of 1917 in Russia under the leadership of Lenin and Stalin and the experience of the Great Chinese Revolution under the leadership of Comrade Mao. They should also study the experiences of the revolutionary struggles of the various countries in the world, particularly those of the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

The revolutionary experience of other countries should be concretely applied to the concrete conditions of revolution in our country and thus work out policies and tactics suited to our own conditions. Mechanical application of the experience of other countries will harm our revolution.

After deep study of the experiences of people’s struggles in our own country, the CPI(ML) is firm in its opinion that our road to revolution in its essentials, in the present phase of struggle against imperialism and feudalism, will follow the Path of Protracted People’s War, the Path of Chinese Revolution.

The Path of people’s war means building the People’s Army, creation of Liberated or Base areas in the countryside, liberating the countryside first and finally capturing power in the towns and cities in the end, and thus liberate the whole country. The Path of Protracted People’s War means taking the Armed Agrarian Revolutionary struggle as the principal form of struggle and combining it with all other forms of struggle. The Path of Protracted Peoples’ War means taking Armed Peasant struggle as the principal form of struggle and combining it with the necessary changes in tactics of United Front, as the situation demands, in all phases of the struggle.

For the success of People’s War, we must forge three powerful weapons

1. A strong CPI(ML) based on Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought, pursuing a revolutionary style closely linked with the broad masses of the people, capable of mobilizing and leading them in struggle against the enemy.

2.   A People’s Army under the leadership of the Party.

3.  A United Front of all the revolutionary classes – the workers, peasants, middle classes and national bourgeois organizations and individuals with worker – peasant alliance as its core under the leadership of the working class.

We must concretely study the similarities and dissimilarities – between China and India, so that we can apply the lessons of the Chinese Revolution to the concrete situation in our country.

Similarities with China

India, like China, is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. It is being exploited by imperialists. It is a country where all the imperialist powers contend.

India, like China, is a vast country, with a large population, 70 percent of which is the peasantry. Like pre-liberation China, the economic and political development of India is uneven.

Indian Revolution, like China, is the People’s Democratic Revolution, the main content of which is Agrarian Revolution. The driving forces of the Indian Revolution, like the Chinese, are the working class, the peasantry, intellectuals and other sections of the petty bourgeoisie.

The leading force of the Indian Revolution is the working class and the main force of the Revolution is the peasantry. Taking into account the revolutionary quality of the national bourgeoisie on the one hand and their vacillations on the other, the working class should forge United Front with all these revolutionary classes along with the national bourgeoisie with worker-peasant alliance as the core.

The Indian Revolution, like the Chinese Revolution, confronts, a strong enemy who has a large and modern army.

Dissimilarities with China:

India of today is industrially more advanced than China of 1927. It means that a stronger big-bourgeoisie is to be countered and fought against. At the same time, Indian working class is bound to play a greater role in the Indian Revolution.

Capitalist methods of agriculture have developed to some parts of India in recent times as a result of construction and expansion of various irrigation projects and the so-called reform methods adopted by the ruling classes under the growing pressure from the people and in the interest of imperialism. It means that rich peasant economy in agriculture has developed conditions for the big bourgeoisie and big landlords to avail themselves of the rich peasant social base to maintain their rule. At the same time, better conditions are created in some parts for struggle of the agricultural labourers. It also unfolds anti- government struggles of the entire peasantry, including the rich peasantry.

India of today has more and better rail, road and communications compared to China of 1927.

In China there existed numerous warlords who maintained their own armies with which they fought each other bitterly. The Party there took advantage of the contradictions among the warlords in building people’s Army. They party could get arms by easily defeating and disarming the small armies of the warlords. However, in India, there do not exist warlords and the landlords do not have armies of their own, as in China, though landlords have abundant arms and their private senas in some parts of the country. In China, the contradictions between sections of the ruling class developed into military clashes. Long drawn wars were fought by them against each other and this contributed much to organize and build revolutionary bases in China.

Though in India the ruling classes are faced with growing contradictions, conflicts and divisions and ruling class parties are continuously being divided under the conditions of rivalry of the imperialist powers, but at the same time, they have not yet taken the form of military conflicts, nor have they led to the disintegration of the state administration. However, contradictions between sections of the ruling classes will continue to develop and what form they could take is to be carefully watched, as the political and economic crisis further grows in India, as the Indian revolution advances and as the contradictions among the various imperialist powers still further intensify. We have to carefully watch the development of contradictions between the centre and the provinces and the armed forces of the State. For example, we now see the Nagas and Kashmiris have been conducting armed struggle against the central government for the right of self-determination.

The Communist Party was the sole leader of the working class in China but in India the working class is divided at present and they are still under the influence of reactionary, reformist and revisionist neo-revisionist parties. The influence of CPI(ML) over the working class is very limited and confined to a few centres only.

China had passed through a great revolutionary war, which was nationwide in character during 1924-27, as a result of which the Chinese people had acquired rich revolutionary experience. The Indian people did not pass through such a nationwide war, nor do they possess such a rich revolutionary experience.

A People’s Liberation Army was existing in 1927 in China, when the armed struggle was launched in China under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, whereas the CPI(ML) does not posses such an army today.

During 1927-27, Chinese Republican Army, as a whole, had participated in the war of liberation. It was politically conscious and was very much influenced by democracy. Hence, a section of the army had split away and participated in the armed struggle under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. But the Indian army is not yet politically conscious, though there have been revolts of the soldiers several times against British imperialism in the past.

The Chinese Communist Party had taken a prominent part in the national liberation movement from the beginning. The Communist Party had therefore emerged as the leader of the whole Chinese people. But the Communist Party of India had failed to take the leading role in the struggle for India’s independence. It failed to dislodge the big-bourgeoisie and big landlords from the leadership in the national struggle against imperialism as it suffered from right and `left’ deviations which caused serious setbacks.

The majority of the people in China belong to Han nationality, whereas the conditions in India are certainly different in this regard. Different nationalities with different languages pose some difficulties in extending the armed struggle from one province to another. In addition, the Indian society is divided into various religious, communal and caste sections.

There was no parliamentary system and democratic rights to make use of in China. That was one of the factors why in China armed revolution faced armed counter-revolution from the very beginning. But in India, we have yet to dispel the illusions of the people on the parliamentary institutions and prepare them for armed struggle.

It must be borne in mind that due to the right and `left’ mistakes of the Communist leadership in India, the people could not continue on the path of armed revolution, though time and again armed struggle brokeout in several parts of the country. It is the sacred task of the CPI(ML) which is forging even deeper links with the broad masses of the people to make serious political, organizational and technical preparations for arming the people and forging people’s armed forces in accordance with actual needs of our struggle in order to face armed counter-revolution.

The revolutionary people should bear in mind that international situation today is more complex than it was for China when the armed
struggle was launched under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The world imperialist system has entered the stage of permanent crisis. On the other hand, there is no world revolutionary centre to help the liberation struggles.

The revolutionary people must bear in mind the above national peculiarities of the Indian situation. They must bear in mind the similarities and dissimilarities between present day India and China of 1927.

However, despite the above dissimilarities, the path that the Indian revolution takes is the path of protracted People’s War which carries along with it the essential features of the Chinese revolution. The dissimilarities between India and China have been noted only with a view to show what peculiarities we have to face in our struggle and advance the People’s War in the concrete conditions of India.

The Indian revolutionaries must bear in mind that the path of People’s War in its essential features, has several times appeared in our past history and is not something foreign to be copied or subjectively applied. The history of the people’s revolutionary struggles against imperialism and feudalism like the Santhal and Mundas, Mopla and Varli peasant revolts and some other peasant revolts prove irrefutably the validity and necessity of the path People’s War in India. They prove that the revolutionary struggles of the Indian people inevitably take the form of Armed Agrarian Revolution.

The great Telengana Struggle of 1946-51, was the first and biggest armed peasant struggle conducted on the basis of People’s War. That struggle taught us how anti-feudal partial struggles of the people, if properly conducted, lead to land struggles armed be conducted and sustained only if it is linked with the land struggle. It also teaches us the necessity of arming the people for resistance against landlord-police-goonda violence from the beginning of the anti-feudal struggles. It also teaches us how village committees have to be built up into organs of local power of the people to sustain prolonged armed struggle. But such a heroic armed peasant struggle was betrayed by the then leadership because it was not firm on the concept of People’s War as they only path for the complete liberation of our people. Later the leadership took to the path of parliamentarism.

The Great Naxalbari struggle and the subsequent struggles in Midnapore, Baharagora, Mushaheri, Srikakulam and Godavari Valley in which Srikakulam reached a higher level in terms of people’s participation and resistance, brought out once again the necessity of the People’s War in India.

Chapter-IV

Mobilize The People for People’s War

Unleash Class Struggle – Combine the Immediate with the Basic:

People’s War is a war of the people waged against imperialism comprador- bureaucrat-capitalism and feudalism. It can be launched only by mobilizing the people, preparing and organizing them to directly participate in the People’s war and in all aspects of that struggle. The people will get the necessary consciousness to directly participate in People’s War through their own experience. It is the people who make the revolution and not our subjective will and efforts. The policies and tactics of the Party should help the people to get this necessary consciousness to directly participate in People’s War.

The prepare the people to directly participate in the revolutionary struggle, we must unleash the class struggles of the various sections of the people – workers, peasants, students, and the government employees under the leadership of their mass organizations, combined with the extensive propagation of revolutionary politics of New Democratic Revolution, taking the peasant struggle as the major task.

The experiences of the past struggles have taught us that we should mobilize the people on their immediate economic and political, national and international issues. We must combine the economic and political struggles taking the political struggle as the main.

We should mobilize the people for struggle, uniting with all those who could be united against the main enemy by utilizing the contradictions of the ruling classes as the situation demands.

We must learn to combine all forms of struggles with the armed agrarian revolution as the main form of struggle.

We must combine both secret and open forms of struggles and organization, taking the secret as the basic.

Experience proved that we can start a regular armed struggle in the form of guerilla war to establish Base area in one or more areas only when the Revolutionary situation in the country as a whole is increasing, when the people of the area or areas concerned are prepared to directly participate in the armed struggle and all its otheraspects, when the party is strong enough to lead the armed struggle in the area or areas concerned. The extension of the area and the geographical conditions and a relatively self-sufficient economy should be such as to sustain an armed struggle long enough and the isolation of the enemy classes from the majority people in the area or areas concerned.

Agrarian Revolution-Primary Task:

Agrarian Revolution is the main content of the People’s Democratic Revolution under the leadership of the working class. Armed Agrarian Revolutionary struggle is the main form of the struggles in the People’s war.

Agrarian Revolution means an all round struggle against all forms of exploitation, oppression and suppression of the big landlords on the whole peasantry, on the whole population in the villages in which distribution of private lands of the big landlords is the highest form of anti-feudal struggle.

The exploitation of the landlords in our villages consists of various forms exploitation of the agricultural labourers and farm servants, exploitation of the peasant tenants, forced labor, Nagu (usury through grain) usury, selling their surplus grains at exorbitant rates, communal and caste oppression and suppression and economic and political domination in the villages etc.  Agrarian Revolution means a struggle against all these forms of exploitation, oppression and suppression practiced by the landlords.

But it is also true that landlord oppression and suppression cannot be ended unless the  people are able to seize and distribute among themselves the private lands of the landlords, the basis of landlord oppression and suppression.

So while the peasants are mobilized for struggles against all forms of feudal exploitation, oppression and suppression, the people should be given the consciousness to seize the private lands of the landlords, which is the basis of landlord exploitation. All anti-feudal struggles should be consciously directed, step by step, towards seizure of the private lands of the landlords.

The land problem also presents itself in various forms in various parts of our country.

For example, government banzar lands, reserve and non-reserve forest lands, lands under religious institutions, banzar lands under the occupation of the landlord, uncultivated lands of the landlords, lands of the poor peasants forcibly occupied by the landlords, tank beds, abandoned tanks and landlords’ own lands. Unless the peasantry occupy the landlords lands, feudalism will not be abolished and the socio-political exploitation of the landlords can not be put an end to. Therefore, we must strive to prepare the peasants to occupy landlords own lands by mobilizing them for mass revolutionary struggles and thus our main aim is to organize armed Agrarian Revolution in the country.

The struggle for land should start with the occupation of lands other than private lands, and should be slowly but steadily developed into the struggle for seizure of the private lands of the landlords.

In our semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, the people even in their anti-feudal partial struggles, are bound to be faced with the  suppression of landlords–goondas-police. The people should be politically and organizationally prepared to resist the counter revolutionary violence of the landlords-goondas-police. For this the people and the village volunteers should be armed with the local available weapons to resist this counter-revolutionary violence.

So depending on the level of the consciousness of the people and their preparedness, armed resistance of the people can start even during the stage of the anti-feudal struggles. But, armed resistance that starts on the basis of the anti-feudal partial demands, should be consciously directed towards the seizure of private lands of the landlords. Only then the basis can be laid for protracted armed peasant struggle leading to the establishment of base areas.

   Chapter-V

   Tactics of Struggle on Various Fronts:

The key task in the Armed Agrarian Revolution is the creation of Base Areas in the countryside. For this, the major forces of our Party should concentrate among the peasants. In our country also mountains and forests are better suited to create base areas than plain areas. Base areas arise even in the plain areas as the revolutionary movement advances, but base areas built in the plains can not withstand for a long time without the support from the people of forests and hilly regions. Experience has taught us that we can not sustain the forest movement without a strong peasant movement and other people’s struggles in the plain areas surrounding the forest areas and proper co-ordination between both.

Therefore, both in the forest and plain areas the Party should adopt the following tactics of struggle in mobilizing the peasants for anti-landlord struggles.

   Tasks On The Peasant Front:

a.  The CC and the State Committees should select strategic rural areas for concentration throughout India and in each state. They should select cadres for concentration in such areas.

b.  In such areas, the social and political conditions of the areas, the class divisions of the society should be carefully studied,
agitational and fighting slogans should be formulated in consultation with the local people and our cadres, and concentrate to mobilize the peasants for anti-landlord struggles. These struggles should be combined with the propagation of revolutionary politics of armed struggle and prepare them for revolutionary seizure of power.

c.    In conducting these struggles we should depend on the agricultural labourers i.e. landless peasants poor and middle peasants,
particularly the first two. We should also try to win the rich peasants for struggles against the big landlords. While fighting against the
feudal exploitation of the rich peasants, we should also support their struggles against the government and the landlords and win them for anti-feudal struggles. In conducting these struggles, the contradictions of the various landlords groups should be utilized to isolate the main enemy in the village and defeat him. We should utilize their political contradictions for this.

d.  In conducting the economic and political struggles of the peasants the main aim should be to destroy the authority of the big landlords in the villages and establish the authority of the peasants under the leadership of the agricultural labourers, poor and middle  peasants.

e. The struggle for higher wages, against usury cancellation of loans of the landlords and merchants, struggle for the reduction of various rents, for the occupation of banzar land of various kinds in the villages, the struggle against forced labor (Vetti), the struggle of
the tribal people against forest contractors and forest officials all these Anti-feudal and Anti-government struggles form part of the
Agrarian Revolutionary struggle. But the struggle for land is the most important of them. Starting with the struggle for the occupation of banzar lands, the consciousness of the peasants should be raised for the occupation of the privately owned lands of the landlords. The struggle for such lands is the highest stage of Agrarian Revolution i.e. anti-feudal struggles.

f.   The struggle for land and the struggle for the establishment of base areas is closely linked. In fact prolonged Armed Agrarian
Revolution can be sustained only by linking it with the struggle for land.

g. Armed struggle can start even with the struggle for partial demands. The Communist Revolutionaries should consciously direct all those struggles towards Armed Agrarian Revolution. The armed peasant struggle in Naxalbari and Srikakulam started on land issue. Those of Mushaheri and Midnapore started with partial issues like seizure of crops and properties of landlords. Godavari Valley struggle started on partial demands. The Communist Revolutionaries consciously worked to develop these struggles towards Armed Agrarian Revolution and establishment of base areas.

h.   Keeping in mind the necessity of building the armed forces of the people, we should arm the village volunteers and the peasants from the beginning of the Anti-feudal struggles and prepare them politically and organizationally to resist landlord-goonda-police  violence.

i.   To conduct these struggles, peasant associations should be organized, legal or illegal, as the situation demands and develop them into organs of power in the villages.

j.   We should consciously build the village volunteer corps and prepare them to lead the people’s resistance against the violence of the reactionary forces. We should implement this from the very beginning of the struggle.

k.   We should build the Party, the Cells and militant groups to lead the struggles.

l.   We should preserve, consolidate, extend the areas of resistance struggles and develop them to a higher level, with a view to start armed struggle and establish base areas.

m. While the Party mobilizes all sections of the peasants, including the middle and rich peasants, the main base of the peasant movement should be agricultural labourers (landless peasants) and poor peasants.

n.  Struggles must be organized from the beginning with the conception of United Front i.e. New Democratic Front.

o.  Thus when the people implement the above tasks or in other words, they resist the landlord-goonda-police violence and repression in an organized, conscious and persistent manner in a wide area in the course of building and developing anti-feudal struggles it can be called Resistance Struggle.

Therefore the main direction of the party among the peasants should be selection of strategic rural areas, concentration of cadres, formulation of fighting and agitational slogans with extensive discussion with the people of the area, mobilizing the peasants for struggles on those issues, building the peasant organizations, arming the people with the locally available weapons in the Anti-feudal struggles from the very beginning, organizing of the Village and Area Volunteer Organizations, people’s resistance to landlord-goonda-police violence and repression, and thus, create, develop and defend areas of sustained resistance. We should be conscious of the fact that all anti-feudal partial struggles should be linked with the extensive propagation of revolutionary politics of Armed Agrarian  Revolution and with the building of the party. We should adopt the necessary forms of struggle in all stages in keeping with the level of consciousness of the people, raise their consciousness and through a long process of consolidation, prepare the people for starting armed struggle against the state and thus advance to establish the base areas in the countryside.

   Armed Struggle And Guerilla Squads

Guerilla squads must be organized from the militants of the village volunteer squads and self-defense squads if and where they exist. These guerilla squads must develop the guerilla struggle with the help of the village volunteer squads. Guerilla struggle must be  conducted on the basis of armed struggle while keeping in view the vast areas to develop them later as liberated areas. People army is to be organized from the guerilla squads during the process of liberation struggle. These base areas must be developed while  consolidating and extending them. As stated by Com. Mao the protracted peoples war will pass through many stages first liberating the countryside and finally capturing the cities and towns, thus completing the new democratic revolution.

Self-defense Squads

Even during the stage of the Anti-feudal struggles, the landlord-goonda-police will launch attacks to suppress the peasant movement. Besides building democratic movements to oppose these attacks and repression both in that area and other areas, the Party units should lead the people to resist this counter-revolutionary violence. In case the people are not yet prepared for such resistance, the militants and cadres of the Party should not allow themselves to be arrested. They should defend themselves. They should work secretly among the people either singly or in squads. They can move and work among the people with arms or without arms. These forms of self-defense will depend on the level of the movement, on the level of the consciousness of the people and their support to the movement, the extension of the area, on the strength of the Party and on the geographical conditions of the area.

Even if armed squads are formed in self-defense, depending on the conditions of the struggle, their main direction should be to further
mobilize the people for armed Agrarian Revolution, and not annihilation of class enemies. These squads should not be treated as guerilla squads.

  On the Workers Front

The main direction of the Party work among the working class should be to make it realize its leading role in the New Democratic Revolution and play its role accordingly.

The main direction of the Party work among the working class should be to unite the working class, which is now split into various unions behind various political parties, particularly the revisionists and neorevisionists.

The main direction of the Party work among the working class should be to build the revolutionary trade union movement i.e. politicalisation of the workers, ideological and political struggle against legalism and economism, worker-peasant unity, volunteer organizations to resist police-management-goonda repression, by sending scores of class conscious workers from the cities and towns to rural areas to organize the peasants for Agrarian Revolution, and building of secret Party among the workers. Only thus we could unite the workers and make them the conscious leader of the New Democratic Revolution and prepare them for final assault. The main concentration should be in strategic areas and strategic industries.

Organize our Trade Unions where a significant number of workers are in favor of it and where there are no Unions at all. The places where there are already other Union’s form our Trade Union where it could be effective. Where our following is weak, we should work in other Trade Union, win the workers over for militant struggles and for agrarian revolution. In our Trade Unions too, we should fight against economism and legalism.

To organize our Trade Unions and develop them is our key task on the TU front. At the same time, we must intensify our work in other unions also.

   On Other Fronts

While concentrating on the basic classes, the workers and the peasants, we should pay enough attention to building the movement among students and middle classes particularly the government employees.

While mobilizing the students for struggles on their immediate economic issues through their mass organizations and party building, we should make the students realize that they should identify and integrate themselves with the basic classes – the workers and  peasants.

Organize the youth into the youth organizations and build militant youth struggles on unemployment and other problems faced by them, and mobilize them in solidarity with other class struggles. By imparting political training they are to be developed into  disciplined cadres. Among the middle class employee, while mobilizing them into their unions on their economic and other problems, importance is to be given to propagation of revolutionary politics among them. The main direction of our work among them should be secret.

The Party should mobilize the women of various sections particularly the workers and the peasants, to participate in class struggles and also build women’s movement among other sections. While organizing women into struggles on class issues jointly with men, taking into consideration their special problems of discrimination, they are to be organized for struggles on such issues. Serious effort should be put to build women organizations and to develop women as political organizers. While opposing feminist trends and winning over the women behind other political parties, we should build united struggles with women’s organizations particularly progressive women organizations, on the specific issues of women. The basic task and over-all orientation of our work among the women is to work among the women of basic classes and to draw women into struggle for new democratic revolution.

To build the new democratic, our cultural activists have to strive for the development of people’s culture by adopting the basic principle`from the masses to the masses’, and by taking the positive aspects of our culture. We should adopt mass line in our effort to utilize are and culture as a powerful weapon and in creating new writers and artists, fighting wrong tendencies prevailing in the cultural front and defeat the decaying colonial and feudal culture.

We should build solidarity movement of the various sections of the people in mutual support of their struggles.

As the peasant movement advances, as their volunteer organizations expand among the peasants, as the peasants begin to actively participate in the resistance struggles against landlord-goonda-police violence, depending on the economic and political crisis in the country, this is bound to lead to a regular guerilla armed struggle against the state. Depending on the national and international situation, such a struggle will lead to the establishment of base areas in the countryside. Passing though various phases of protracted People’s War, as taught by Comrade Mao, People’s War will finally triumph in establishing People’s Democracy in the country.

This is the way to complete our anti-imperialist and anti-feudal tasks.

With this basic aim, we must preserve, consolidate and extend the present areas of resistance in the country under the leadership of our party. We must orient all our agitational struggles in other areas to build areas of resistance in the countryside with a view to develop them into base areas.

These are the general directives of the Party for our work in various sections of our people. The Provincial Committees should apply them to the concrete situation in each state and determine their concrete tasks depending on the concrete situation in each state.

Deepening economic and political crisis of our semi-colonial, semi-feudal system, growing struggles of the people against policies of the ruling classes and increasing contention of imperialist powers are leading to growing contradictions and divisions among the ruling classes. The struggle of all sections of people are rising though mostly confined within legal limits. The movement under the leadership of our party too is uneven and our influence is limited. In brief, the objective forces are lagging behind the objective conditions. Party should overcome the negative factors, fully utilize positive factors and advance the revolutionary movement to a higher level.

A correct programme, a correct political line, a correct line for United Front and correct tactics of struggle are bound to lead to success in our struggle.

   ·        Advance on the Path of Agrarian Revolution!

   ·        Long Live People’s War!

   ·        Long live Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought

   ·        Long Live Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)!

   ALL INDIA PARTY CONGRESS

   11-16 April, 1992                             C.P.I (M-L)